Primary intrahepatic lithiasis: report of a case treated by laparoscopic bilioenteric anastomosis.

Recent advances in videolaparoscopic surgery have made this method the treatment of choice for many biliary diseases. However, it has not been used in certain cases, such as primary intrahepatic lithiasis. The authors report a case of a 62-year-old woman with a history of several episodes of cholangitis. Investigation revealed dilated intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts with intrahepatic stones. The patient underwent laparoscopy, and intraoperative cholangiography disclosed an enlarged common duct with absence of stones and the presence of multiple calculi in the intrahepatic biliary tree. A choledochotomy followed by choledochoscopy was performed, which revealed several intrahepatic pigmented stones that were completely retrieved, followed by a laterolateral choledochoduodenostomy to decompress the biliary tree and to allow the migration of residual or recurrent stones. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged on the fourth postoperative day. After 15 months of follow-up the patient is asymptomatic with normal results of liver function tests. Late postoperative upper digestive endoscopy showed a patent choledochoduodenostomy.